The 4 Essential Functions of Cutting Fluids

Choosing the right cutting fluid (or metalworking fluid) is critical for efficient machining. It directly impacts tool life, surface quality, and operational costs. Here are the four core functions that define a high-performance fluid.

1. Lubrication

Reduces friction between the cutting tool and workpiece.

Key Benefit: Minimizes tool wear, lowers power consumption, and improves surface finish.

In Grinding: Prevents wheel loading and improves grinding accuracy.

2. Cooling

Manages intense heat generated during metal cutting.

Key Benefit: Controls thermal deformation, maintains part accuracy, and preserves tool hardness.

Water-Based Coolants: Typically offer superior cooling over oil-based fluids.

3. Cleaning

Flushes away machining debris from the cutting zone.

Key Benefit: Removes chips and abrasive grains, preventing damage to the workpiece and machine.

How It Works: Low-viscosity oils and fluids with surfactants provide effective cleaning and penetration.

4. Rust Prevention

Protects metal surfaces from corrosion.

Key Benefit: Safeguards finished parts during storage and protects machine tool components.

Choosing an Advanced Cutting Fluid Beyond these core functions, modern manufacturing demands fluids that are:

Stable & Long-Lasting: Resists separation and rancidity.

Biostable: Fights bacteria and fungi growth to control odor.

Safe & Eco-Friendly: Low-odor, skin-friendly, and free of chlorine and nitrites for easier disposal.

Versatile: Compatible with various materials like steel, aluminum, and cast iron.